Microbiology Notes
Microorganisms play an important role in causing infection and contamination. Therefore, Sterilization is an important technique in microbiology which helps to remove or destroy microorganisms from materials or surfaces. Common … Read more
Viruses are intracellular pathogens that reproduce only in the living cell and manipulate the cellular machinery to produce more viruses. Viral replications can affect the cellular genes of the host … Read more
Hepatitis is a liver infection. It is caused by the Hepatitis C virus which is a blood-borne virus. It is a short term illness but it can be asymptomatic until … Read more
History of Microscope In the 1st Century AD, the Romans invented the glass and used them to magnify objects. In the early 14th Century AD, eyeglasses were made by Italian … Read more
Zacharias Janssen (1570-1638) Dutch spectacle maker He invented compounding of lenses He used two lenses fitted in a single tube to observe an enlarged image of microscopic forms. Robert Hooke … Read more
VIVA Alert: Basic Microbiology with mnemonics Name one cluster shaped (grape-like) cocci? Staphylococcus aureus Name one chain shaped cocci? Streptococcus spp. What is the difference between Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus? … Read more
Properties of Staphylococcus aureus Ability to grow aerobically and anaerobically, over a wide range of temperatures, and in the presence of a high concentration of salt; the latter is important … Read more
Bacteroides and Bacteroids Bacteroides = It is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroids= It is the morphological form of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Rhizobium which is irregular shaped and is … Read more
Antigens Definition An antigen is a substance or an element that has the ability to induce an immune response. Antigens are foreign substances and they are known to provoke the … Read more
What is Antibody? Antibodies are protein molecules naturally produced or synthesized by the B-lymphocytes. They are also known as Immunoglobulins. The use of the term antibody defines an Immunoglobulin molecule … Read more
