Agricultural Microbiology Notes
- Biofertilizer- Types and Uses
- Biological and Chemical control of plant diseases
- Biopesticides – Bacterial, Viral and Fungal
- Crown Gall Disease
- Factors for the establishment of plant diseases
- Nitrogen related common terms with definitions
- Organic Compost and Vermicomposting
- Plant Breeding- Steps and Significance
- Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)
- Plant Transformation Methods
- Plants defense mechanism- structural, histological, chemical
- Rice bacterial blight and Citrus canker
- Rust- Plant Fungal Disease
Bacteriology Notes
- Bacterial diseases- pathogen, symptom, prevention, treatment
- Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
- Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7
- Ideonella sakaiensis- Plastic eating bacteria
- Isolation and Identification of Vibrio cholerae from faecal sample
- Pathogenicity and Clinical manifestation of Salmonella Typhi
- Plague and its forms caused by Yersinia pestis
- Quorum Sensing in Bacteria
- Solute Transport Mechanisms in Bacteria
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Superbugs as Global Crisis
- The Bacterial Cell Wall
- Treponema pallidum – An Overview
- Vancomycin-resistant bacteria: VRSA and VRE
Biology Notes
- Bioplastic – Definition, Type, Advantages, Disadvantages
- Cell signaling and cAMP-mediated pathway
- Extracellular and Intracellular Fluids
- Group Selection and Altruism
- Phytohormones (Plant hormones)
Basic Microbiology Notes
- Bacteriophage- Structure, Classification, Application
- Biosafety Level 1, 2, 3 and 4 with comparison
- Capsule, Flagella, Pili (Fimbriae), Glycocalyx (Slime Layer)
- Cell signaling and cAMP-mediated pathway
- Culture media used in microbiology
- Differences between Real-Time PCR and Rapid Diagnostic Test
- Differences between terminologies used in Microbiology
- Direct and Viable Microbial Count Methods
- Effect of pathogens on plants
- Endotoxin and Exotoxin with its types
- Environmental Factors affecting Microbial Growth
- Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria with commercial uses
- Gut Microbiome impact on human gastrointestinal tract
- Microbial Growth and Nutrition
- Paramecium caudatum- Habitat, Culture, Structure, Locomotion
- Probiotic strains and their Human benefits
- Solute Transport Mechanisms in Bacteria
- Sterilization- physical and chemical methods
- Terminology used in Basic Microbiology
- Three-domain system (Carl Woese’s Classification)
- VIVA Alert: Basic Microbiology with mnemonics
Biochemistry Notes
- Amino acids and Proteins
- Biochemistry of Hepatitis A (Biochemical Tests)
- Biosynthesis of cholesterol and its regulation
- Buffer Solutions
- Diabetes and its treatment by 4 FDA Approved Drugs
- Eicosanoids – definition, classes, functions, synthesis
- Experimental techniques in Chemistry
- Fate of Pyruvate (Fate of End product of Glycolytic pathway)
- Gluconeogenesis- De novo synthesis of Glucose
- Glycogen metabolism- Breakdown and Biosynthesis of Glycogen
- Glycolysis 10 Steps with Diagram and ATP Formation
- Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis- An Overview and Summary
- How other carbohydrates enter into glycolytic pathway ?
- Pancreatic hormones
- Pentose phosphate pathway- An Overview and Summary
- Phytohormones (Plant hormones)
- Process of Glyoxylate cycle- An Overview and Summary
Bioinformatics Notes
Biotechnology Notes
- Biofertilizer- Types and Uses
- Citric Acid Production
- Design of a Fermenter
- Edible Vaccines- Plant Used, Steps, Advantages
- Ethanol Production
- Fermentation of Vinegar
- Methods to control plant nematodes
- Plant Breeding- Steps and Significance
- Plants used as a biofuel production
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- Quorum Sensing in Bacteria
- Somaclonal Variation
- Vectors for gene cloning: Plasmids and Bacteriophage
Botany Notes
- Biological and Chemical control of plant diseases
- Factors for the establishment of plant diseases
- Herbarium: Kinds and Functions
- Plant Transformation Methods
- Plants defense mechanism- structural, histological, chemical
- Plants used as a biofuel production
- Rice bacterial blight and Citrus canker
- Rust- Plant Fungal Disease
Cell Biology Notes
- Capsule, Flagella, Pili (Fimbriae), Glycocalyx (Slime Layer)
- Cell Inclusion Bodies
- Detailed description of eukaryotic nucleus
Diseases Notes
- Bacterial Foodborne Illness
- COVID-19: A Wake-up call for Disease X Preparedness
- Cysticercosis- Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment
- Dermatophytosis
- Examples of Single Gene Disorders
- List of disorders due to chromosomal aberration
- Plague and its forms caused by Yersinia pestis
- Prenatal detection and screening of genetic disorder
- SARS-CoV-2- Infection, ACE-2 gene, herd immunity, vaccines
- Some common viral disease, symptom, prevention, treatment
- Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar)- Causes, Lab diagnosis, Treatments
Environmental Microbiology Notes
Epidemiology Notes
Food Microbiology Notes
- Bacterial Foodborne Illness
- Beer production
- Citric Acid Production
- Ethanol Production
- Factors affecting microbes in foods
- Fermentation of Vinegar
- Malnutrition in Nepal with 5 major causes of high rate
- Mycotoxins- Related to Food Microbiology
- Probiotic strains and their Human benefits
- Probiotics and Prebiotics
Human Anatomy and Physiology Notes
- Pancreatic hormones
- Physiological overview of nervous system
- Prenatal detection and screening of genetic disorder
Immunology Notes
- Brain’s Immune system- Microglial cells
- COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test for antibodies detection
- Differences between Real-Time PCR and Rapid Diagnostic Test
- Hypersensitivity Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV
- Immunological Techniques
- Inflammation – definition, types, causes and treatment
- Inflammatory Mediators
- Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)- Types and Pathways
- Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) & innate immune system
Instrumentation Notes
Laboratory Tests Notes
- COVID-19 diagnosis: Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Test: Abbott ID NOW COVID-19
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Test: Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2
- COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test for antibodies detection
Molecular Biology Notes
- Cell Transformation (normal cells to cancerous cells)
- Chemical Factor of Mutation
- COVID-19 diagnosis: Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay
- Differences between Real-Time PCR and Rapid Diagnostic Test
- List of disorders due to chromosomal aberration
- Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP)
- Microbial Genetics
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- RNA Interference (RNAi)
- Vectors for gene cloning: Plasmids and Bacteriophage
- Vectors- characteristics, classification, features, types
Mycology Notes
- Aspergillus and Respiratory Infections
- Candidiasis- Opportunistic Mycoses
- Dermatophytosis
- Fungal Structure
- Mycology VIVA Question and Answer
- Mycotoxins- Related to Food Microbiology
Parasitology Notes
- Ancylostoma duodenale- An Overview
- Ascaris lumbricoides- Digestive, Respiration, Excretory, Nervous System
- Ascaris lumbricoides- Habitat and External Morphology
- Ascaris lumbricoides- Lab Diagnosis, Treatments, Prophylaxis
- Ascaris lumbricoides- Life cycle, pathogenicity, clinical manifestation
- Cysticercosis- Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment
- Entamoeba histolytica- Morphology, Epidemiology, Life cycle, Pathogenesis, Clinical findings
- Leishmania donovani- Habitat, Morphology and Life Cycle
- Methods to control plant nematodes
- Parasitology VIVA Question and Answer
- Plasmodium and Malaria
- Plasmodium vivax- Habitat, Characteristics, Structure, Life cycle
- Plasmodium vivax- Life Cycle in Man and in Mosquito
- Reproductive system of Ascaris lumbricoides
- Taenia solium- Classification, Habitat, Structure, Body wall
- Taenia solium- Life history ,development and adaptations
- Taenia solium- Nutrition, respiration, excretory, nervous, reproductive system
- Visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar)- Causes, Lab diagnosis, Treatments
Pharmaceuticals Notes
- Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance
- Antimicrobial Drugs and Their Evolution of Resistance
- Aspirin and other salicylic acid derivatives
- Diabetes and its treatment by 4 FDA Approved Drugs
- Prostaglandins and Therapeutic use of Prostaglandins
- Some common antibiotics and their effects
Virology Notes
- Bacteriophage- Structure, Classification, Application
- Biochemistry of Hepatitis A (Biochemical Tests)
- Chicken Pox (Varicella-zoster virus)
- COVID-19 – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- COVID-19 diagnosis: Abbott RealTime SARS-CoV-2 assay
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Test: Abbott ID NOW COVID-19
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Test: Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2
- COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test for antibodies detection
- Diagnosis of Novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)
- Disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 is officially called COVID-19
- Epidemiology of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2
- Having the symptoms doesn’t always confirm COVID-19
- Hepatitis C
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Influenza virus- Structure, Types, Life Cycle
- Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) and MMR Vaccine
- MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2 and Spanish flu
- Novel Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (Updated 2020)
- Outbreak of Wuhan pneumonia 2019-20 (2019-nCoV)
- Poliovirus and Polio Vaccines
- SARS-CoV-2- Infection, ACE-2 gene, herd immunity, vaccines
- Some common viral disease, symptom, prevention, treatment
- Transmission of Plant Viruses
- Treatment, Vaccine and Management of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
- Use of Convalescent Plasma to treat COVID-19 patients (FAQs)
- Viral Diseases of Leaf
- Virology VIVA Question and Answer with mnemonics
- Virus Classification on the basis of morphology and replication
Zoology Notes
- Amoeba proteus- Habitat, Culture and Structures
- Amoeba proteus- Nutrition, Respiration, Excretion, Osmoregulation
- Circulatory system of earthworm
- Digestive System of Earthworm
- Earthworm- Habit, Habitat, Morphology, Bodywall, Locomotion
- Earthworm- Reproductive System, Copulation, Cocoon formation
- Economic Importance of Earthworm
- Excretory or Nephridial System of Earthworm
- Feeding mechanism in Paramecium
- Nervous System of Earthworm
- Paramecium caudatum- Habitat, Culture, Structure, Locomotion
- Reproduction in Paramecium
- Sense Organs of Earthworm
- Wuchereria bancrofti- Habitat, Morphology and Life Cycle