Basic Microbiology Notes
Habit and Habitat Paramecium caudatum (Gr., paramekes=oblong+ L., caudata=tail) is a free-living organism which is one of the most common species of Paramecium having worldwide distribution. It is commonly found in freshwater, ponds, pools, ditches, streams, lakes, reservoirs, and rivers. It is usually found abundant in water containing decaying organic matters, in …
Introduction The microbial community of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi with their collective genetic material present in the human gastrointestinal tract is known as the gut microbiome. The microbiome has a significant role in food and absorption of minerals, fabrication of vitamins, enzymes, amino acids, short-chain fatty acids, guarding against pathogens, and …
The three-domain system was first introduced by Carl Woese in 1990 that is why its called Carl Woese’s Classification. This classification system also is known as the Six Kingdoms and Three Domains Classification because it divides the life forms into three domains and six kingdoms. The three-domains of Carl Woese’s Classification system …
Toxin manufacturing is the potential of microorganisms known as toxigenesis. It is used by microbes especially by bacteria to induce disease. Bacterial toxins have two types on the basis of their chemical composition called endotoxin and exotoxin. Endotoxin are part of Gram-negative bacteria cell wall and exotoxin are secreted out of a …
Differences between terminologies used in Microbiology Bacteroides and Bacteroids Bacteroides = It is a Gram-negative obligate anaerobic bacteria. Bacteroids= It is the morphological form of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria like Rhizobium which is irregular shaped and is present in the root nodules of legumes. Actinomyces and Actinomycetes Actinomyces = It is the genus …
Biosafety Level 1, 2, 3 and 4 The handling of pathogenic microorganisms is a highly challenging job due to the chances of contamination. Moreover, pathogens involve in causing the disease to a host. Bio-safety is a concept by which a person can take necessary precautions against infectious agents in a laboratory environment. …
Rapid Diagnostic Test vs Real-Time PCR (qPCR) There are several diagnostic tests that have been authorized for Emergency Use by the FDA for diagnosis of a wide range of infections. Notably, these diagnostic tests aim at identifying an infected individual from a non-infected person, using different working principles and duration for the …
Bacteriophage- Structure, Classification, Application The virus that infects only bacterial cells (bacteria eater) Known as naturally abundant obligate intracellular parasites Niche- present where bacteria or archaea reside Diversity is more than the number of bacteria in nature Small size causes it to beyond the limits of light microscope resolution Smallest bacteriophage: 20 …
Environmental Factors affecting Microbial Growth Apart from nutritional components growth of the microbes are also dependent on several environmental factors. These factors play an important role in understanding the growth pattern of a microbe. Apart from that, it is important to understand these factors especially in an industrial set up where a …
Probiotic strains and their Human benefits What are Probiotics? Probiotics are living microorganisms that are intended to have health benefits when consumed or applied to the body. They are majorly found in milk products like yogurt, cheese, fermented foods, and food supplements. The Science of microorganisms has shown that most bacterial characteristics …