Research Methodology

Types of Bias in Epidemiology

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Types of Bias in Epidemiology

Any trend in the collection, analysis, interpretation, publication, or review of data that can lead to conclusions that are systematically different from the truth can be termed as bias. Bias is a major consideration in any type of epidemiologic study design. It has been defined as “any systematic error in the design, conduct or analysis of a study that results in a mistaken estimate of an exposure’s effect on the risk of disease.” Bias results from systematic errors in the … Read more

Descriptive Studies- Types, Applications, Advantages, Limitations

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Descriptive Studies- Types, Applications, Advantages, Limitations

A simple description of the health status of a community, based on routinely available data or on data obtained in special surveys, is often the first step in an epidemiological investigation. Such a study is termed as a descriptive study. A descriptive study – as the name implies – describes the distributions of disease, injury or health in a population, outlining the burden of disease or the extent of exposure.  Pure descriptive studies make no attempt to analyze the links between exposure and effect. … Read more