Cell Biology Notes
What is Nucleus? Nucleus Properties The Nucleus is an important cell organelle that is present in the eukaryotic cell. It is derived from the Latin word, ‘nucleus’ or ‘ nuculeus’. It means kernel or seed. It is first described by Robert Brown as the cell organelle. It was named chromatin … Read more
Cell membrane (Plasma membrane) The outer thin membrane or the layer of the living cell is known as the cell membrane. It is also known as the plasma membrane in animal cells. In the plant cells, it is known as plasmalemma. The term cell membrane was given by Nageli and … Read more
Mitochondria Properties Mitochondria is the cell organelle which is filamentous and granular structure. It is present in higher plants, animals, and some microorganisms. It is absent in bacteria but is found in algae, protozoa, and fungi. To carry out the energy metabolism, mitochondria have got the lipoprotein framework. It consists … Read more
Golgi body Properties Golgi body or complex is an organelle that is bound by a membrane in eukaryotic cells. The Golgi body is also called as Golgi apparatus, Golgi complex, lipochondrion, Barker’s body, Dalton Complex, and Apparato Reticulare. Golgi complex may have distinct subunits called Golgiosomes, idiosomes, or dictyosomes. It … Read more
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) In 1897, Garnier observed the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) with a light microscope. Ergastoplasm was the term coined by him. In 1945 Porter first reported the Endoplasmic Reticulum. It was discovered independently by Porter and Thompson. It is a continuous membrane system. At one end, it connects the … Read more
Nucleus The nucleus is a specialize membrane-bound structure or organelle. It is the controlling center of eukaryotic cells. It is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic cells and is absent in prokaryotes like bacteria and viruses. It contains most of the genetic material of an organism. Most of the eukaryotic cells … Read more
Capsule, Flagella, Pili (Fimbriae), Glycocalyx (Slime Layer) Capsule The capsule is a gelatinous layer covering the entire bacterium. It is composed of polysaccharide, except in the anthrax bacillus, which has a capsule of polymerized d-glutamic acid. The sugar components of the polysaccharide vary from one species of bacteria to another … Read more
Cell inclusion Bodies Bacterial cell inclusion bodies are otherwise known as granules. Electron microscopic observation reported the presence of both organic and inorganic granules inside the bacterial cell. These granules function as energy storage and these are also involved in reducing osmotic pressure. Some of these granules are found freely … Read more