Terminology used in Basic Microbiology
- Aerobe = organisms that grow in the presence of atmospheric oxygen
- Anaerobe = grows in absence of free oxygen
- aerotolerant anaerobes = microbes that grow equally well whether or not oxygen is present
- facultative anaerobes = microbes that don’t require oxygen for growth but do grow better in its presence
- microaerophile= requires a low level of oxygen for growth around 2 to 10% but is damaged by normal atmospheric oxygen level
- monotrichous = having a single flagellum
- amphitrichous = having single flagellum at each end
- lophotrichous = cluster of flagella at one or both ends
- peritrichous = flagella all over the surface
- attenuation = reduced virulence but can provoke the immune system
- pathogen = any virus, bacteria or other agents that cause disease
- pathogenicity = ability to cause disease
- virulence = degree or intensity of pathogenicity of an organism
- disinfection = killing, inhibition or removal of microorganisms that may cause disease. it usually refers to the treatment of inanimate objects
- sterilization = process by which all living cells, viable spores, viruses, and viroids are either destroyed or removed from an object or habitat
- sanitization = reduction of the microbial population on an inanimate object to levels judged safe by public health standards
- bacteremia= presence of viable bacteria in the blood
- septicemia = severe condition of bacteremia which includes rapid multiplication of bacteria and toxins in the blood
- viremia = presence of the virus in the blood
- pyrogenic = inducing fever
- antipyretic = which reduces temperature, given in case of fever
- hemolysis = disruption of red blood cells and release of their haemoglobin
- α-hemolysis = partial hemolysis, the greenish zone of incomplete hemolysis forms around the colony
- β-hemolysis = clear zone of complete hemolysis
- γ-hemolysis = no hemolysis
- antibiotic = substance of microbial origin or its derivative that kills susceptible microorganism or inhibits their growth
- antibody = also known as immunoglobin, a glycoprotein produced in response to the antigen
- antigen = substance, when introduced into the body, stimulates the production of antibodies
- bacteriostatic = inhibiting the growth of bacteria without killing them
- bactericide = an agent that kills bacteria
References
- Prescott.ML (2005), “Microbiology”, sixth edition, Mc-Graw Hill publication, page numbers: G1-G30
- Pelczar. MJ (2017), “Microbiology”, fifth edition, Mc-Graw Hill Education.
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