Online Biology Notes for students
Akash Mitra 
Group selection definition It refers to the tendency of most groups of individuals to control their rate of consumption of resources and rate of breeding to ensure that the group would not become extinct. According to this, individuals in successful groups would not act selfishly. Image Source: Researchgate (David Sloan Wilson). Altruism One of the … Read more Group Selection and Altruism
The symptoms of the cold that we frequently have, the flu, and COVID-19 have got quite a number of overlaps. Therefore symptoms alone cannot confirm whether a person is having a novel coronavirus or nCoV infection. There has to be an array of symptoms that need to get weaved together to have a confirmed case … Read more Having the symptoms doesn’t always confirm COVID-19
RNA interference is a natural phenomenon by which an mRNA is silenced thereby inhibiting the protein coded from that particular mRNA. Scientists have been working on this field from 1990 and finally, two scientists named Andrew Fire and Creg C. Mello shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their work on RNAi on … Read more RNA Interference (RNAi)
Cell signaling and its types Cell signaling is referred to as the communication between various cells and molecules. The two most important part of cell signaling is a ligand and a receptor. A ligand is a molecule that is a primary messenger that binds to a specific receptor on the cell and transduces a signaling … Read more Cell signaling and cAMP-mediated pathway
Amino acids Proteins are the structural scaffolds of our bodies. At the molecular level whatever function is going on, it is being assisted or done by a protein. Proteins have a wide array of structures and functions, but all proteins are similar when it comes to their building blocks. These are the amino acids. Image … Read more Amino acids and Proteins
Somaclonal Variation Definition The genetic variations found in the in vitro cultured cells are collectively referred to as somaclonal variations. Selection of somaclones Without in vitro selection: An explant (leaf, stem, root, etc.) is cultured on a suitable medium, supplemented with growth regulators. The unorganized callus and cells do not contain any selective agent (toxic … Read more Somaclonal Variation